The Country and People of Iraq

Republic of Iraq - Al-Jumhuriyah Al-Iraqiyah

The Country & People of Iraq

This page contains links to sites in Iraq and Iraq related sites.
For Middle East, North Africa, Arab and regional information visit Arab Countries

Iraq, officially Republic of Iraq, republic (1995 est. pop. 20,644,000), 167,924 sq mi (434,924 sq km), SW Asia, bordered by the Persian Gulf, Kuwait, and Saudi Arabia (S), Jordan and Syria (W), Turkey (N), and Iran (E). Principal cities include Baghdad (the capital), Basra, and Mosul. Iraq is an almost landlocked country, its only outlet to the sea a short stretch of coast on the Persian Gulf. It is composed of a mountainous region in the northeast and the vast Syrian Desert, inhabited by a few nomadic shepherds, in the southwest; in-between is the heart of the country, a fertile lowland region watered by the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Although about one third of the labor force is engaged in agriculture, oil production, notably in the great fields of Mosul and Kirkuk, dominates the economy. Iraq is among the largest oil producers of the Middle East. Its petroleum resources were nationalized in 1972, and oil revenues were used to promote industrialization and to transform Iraq into a military power. The UN-sponsored economic embargo imposed after the invasion of Kuwait has severely reduced Iraq's oil exports and devastated the economy. The country has a small, diversified industrial sector, with textiles, shoes, processed food, and building materials among its products. Iraq is a major producer of dates; other crops include cotton, cereals, and vegetables. Agriculture depends largely on irrigation. Most of the population are Muslim Arabs, divided religiously into the Sunnis of central Iraq and Shiites of the south. The Kurds, who inhabit the north (see Kurdistan), are the principal minority. Arabic is the official language in most of the country; Kurdish is official in northern sections; Assyrian and Armenian are spoken by some.

History
Modern Iraq is approximately coextensive with ancient Mesopotamia, and prior to the Arab conquest in the 7th cent. AD it was the site of a number of flourishing civilizations, including Sumer, Akkad, Assyria, and Babylonia. In the 8th cent., as capital of the Abbasid caliphate, Baghdad became an important center of learning and the arts. Mesopotamia fell to the Ottoman Turks in the 16th cent.

The British invaded Iraq in World War I, and in 1920 the country became a League of Nations mandate under British administration. Iraq was made a kingdom under Faisal I in 1921, and the British mandate was terminated in 1932, although British military bases remained. Meanwhile, the first oil concession had been granted in 1925, and in 1934 the export of oil began. Domestic politics were marked by turbulence, and the country experienced seven military coups between 1936 and 1941.

Following an army coup in 1958, Iraq became a republic under Gen. Abdul Karim Kassem. The chronic Kurdish problem flared up in 1962, when tribes demanding an autonomous Kurdistan gained control of much of N Iraq. The rebellion collapsed (1975), but intermittent warfare continued. In 1968 a coup brought the Ba'ath party to power, and in 1979 Saddam Hussein became party leader and Iraq's president. Opposition within Iraq grew among the Shiites, who were the majority of the population yet were excluded from political control.

Iraq launched (1980) a costly war against Iran that ended (1988) in a stalemate. In 1990 Iraq invaded Kuwait, which it had previously claimed, provoking the Persian Gulf War; economic sanctions were also imposed, and remained in effect long after the war, although they were modified in 2002 to emphasize military-related goods. The war ended (1991) with Iraq ousted from Kuwait. Following the war, Iraqi Shiites and Kurds revolted. The uprisings were crushed, but both groups were provided (1992) with limited UN protection, which proved ineffective in the case of the Shiites; the Kurds established a self-proclaimed autonomous region in N Iraq. An Iraqi military buildup near the Kuwait border in 1994 led to the deployment of U.S. troops in Kuwait.

In 1996, Iraq reached an accord with the UN that allowed it to sell $1 billion worth of oil every 90 days, with the money set aside for food and medicine and compensation to Kuwaitis. Iraq destroyed at least some chemical weapons under UN supervision, but inspections imposed as part of the conditions for ending the Gulf War found evidence of chemical warheads and of a program to produce materials for nuclear weapons. Beginning in late 1997, Iraq resisted cooperating with the weapons inspections; this led to a U.S. military buildup in the Persian Gulf. U.S. and British bombing raids against Iraq began in Nov. 1998 and have persisted on a smaller scale.

In 2002 the U.S. threatened military action against Iraq over its failure to permit weapons inspections, leading Iraq to announce that inspectors could return. In November the UN established a strict timetable for the resumption of inspections and Iraq permitted inspectors to return. Although inspectors did not find evidence of weapons or weapons programs, Iraq failed to assist in them in their attempts to determine that such programs no longer existed. Meanwhile, the U.S. and Britain continued to prepare for war with Iraq, and in Mar. 2003 demanded that Hussein step down or face an invasion.
On Mar. 19, 2003, they launched an airstrike aimed at Hussein personally, and sizable ground troops began invading the following day. After less than a month of fighting, Hussein's rule had collapsed, and U.S. and British forces had established a controlling presence in the major urban areas, although pockets of resistance remained. Hussein survived the war and went into hiding, and guerrilla attacks by what were believed to be Ba’ath loyalists and Islamic militants became an ongoing problem in the following months, largely in Sunni-dominated central Iraq. The Kurdish-dominated north and Shiite-dominated south were generally calmer. L. Paul Bremer 3d was appointed as civilian head of the occupation. UN economic sanctions were lifted in May, 2003, and in mid-July an interim Governing Council consisting of representatives of Iraqi opposition groups was established. Nonetheless, civil order and the economy appeared to be being restored at a slow pace that threatened to create animosity toward the occupying forces. The cost for rebuilding Iraq was estimated by Bremer in late 2003 to be as much as $100 billion over three years. Meanwhile, U.S.-British failure to find biological or chemical weapons led to charges that Anglo-American leaders had exaggerated the Iraqi threat to international security.

In Oct., 2003, the UN Security Council passed a British-American resolution calling for a timetable for democratic self-rule in Iraq to be established by mid-December. Events, however, led the United States to speed up the process, and in November the Governing Council endorsed a U.S.-proposed plan that called for self-rule in mid-2004 under a transitional assembly, which would be elected by a system of caucuses. However, many Shiites objected to this because it would not involve elections; they feared a diminished voice in the government and greater U.S. influence if caucuses were used to choose the assembly. Hussein was finally captured by U.S. forces in Dec., 2003.

In Jan., 2004, U.S. arms inspectors reported that they had found no evidence of Iraqi chemical or biological weapons stockpiles prior to the U.S. invasion; the asserted existence of such stockpiles had been a main justification for the invasion. (Subsequently, a Senate investigation criticized the CIA for providing faulty information and assessments concerning Iraq’s weapons. In addition, U.S. inspectors concluded in Oct., 2004, that although Hussein never abandoned his goal of acquiring nuclear weapons, Iraq had halted its nuclear program after the first Persian Gulf War.) An interim constitution was signed by the Governing Council in March, but many Shiites, including nearly all those on the council, objected to clauses that would restrict the power of the president and enable the Kurds potentially to veto a new constitution.

At the end of March, Sunni insurgents in Fallujah attacked a convoy of U.S. civilian security forces, killing four and desecrating the corpses, which prompted a U.S. crackdown on the town, a center of Sunni insurgency. The fighting there in April resulted in the most significant casualties since since the end of the invasion; the conflict ended with the insurgents largely in place. At about the same time, U.S. moves against the organization of a radical Shiite cleric, Moktada al-Sadr, led him to call for an uprising. There was unrest in a number of cities in S central and S Iraq, but by mid-April al-Sadr’s forces were in control only in the area around An Najaf, a city holy to Shiites, and a cease-fire took effect in June.

Revelations in May of U.S. abuse of Iraqi prisoners at Abu Ghraib prison in late 2003 and early 2004 sparked widespread dismay and outrage in Iraq, the United States, and the world. The president of the Governing Council was assassinated the same month. In June, the United Nations endorsed the reestablishment of Iraqi sovereignty, and at the end of the month, Iyad Allawi, a Shiite, became prime minister and Sheik Ghazi Ajil al-Yawar, a Sunni, president as the interim constitution took effect. Saddam Hussein and 11 other former high-ranking Iraqi officials were formally turned over to the new government and were arraigned.

Large-scale fighting with al-Sadr’s militia occurred again in August, centered on An Najaf and, to a lesser degree, Sadr City, a Shiite section of Baghdad, but the militia subsequently abandoned An Najaf and fighting ceased. By October al-Sadr had shifted to converting his movement into a political force. Also in August, a 100-member National Council, responsible for overseeing the interim government and preparing for elections in 2005, was established. In central Iraq, where a number of Sunni urban areas had been all but ceded to insurgents, U.S. forces began operations to establish control in the fall of 2004. Estimates of the insurgents’ numbers, including foreign guerrillas, ranged from 8,000 to 12,000. Some insurgents also resorted to taking hostages and beheading them. The ongoing violence in Iraq continued to hamper reconstruction, as a lack of security hindered rebuilding and security needs diverted money away from rebuilding.
In the Jan., 2005, elections for the transitional National Assembly, which would write a new constitution, the United Iraqi Alliance, a Shiite coalition supported by Ayatollah Sistani, won nearly half the vote. A Sunni, Hajim al-Hassani, became speaker of the National Assembly; a Kurd, Jalal Talabani, became president; and a Shia, Ibrahim al-Jaafari, was chosen as prime minister. The constitution was strongly endorsed by Shiites and Kurds and as strongly rejected by Sunnis, who voted in larger numbers this time. The formation of a government, however, became protracted, when Sunnis and Kurds objected to the Shiite religious parties’ selection of Jaafari as prime minister. Finally, in Apr., 2006, Jaafari stepped aside, and Nuri Kamal al-Maliki, a long-time aide of Jaafari’s, was chosen for the post. The killing, in June, of Abu Musab al-Zarqawi, the head of Al Qaeda–aligned foreign insurgents, was a notable success for U.S. forces, but did little to diminish the violence in Iraq. Some 1.2 million Iraqis were estimated to have fled the country by mid-2006, seeking refuge in Jordan, Syria, and other nations.
By late 2006, with roughly 3,000 Iraqis dying every month, worry over mounting sectarian violence and fear of civil war began to outweigh concerns over insurgents. There was increasing doubt on the part of the United States over the ability of Maliki’s government to deal with the rising sectarian violence, and a strain in the relations between the governments of the two nations was evident publicly. In Oct., 2006, the parliament passed legislation establishing a process by which provinces could join together, beginning in 2008, to form autonomous regions; the law was opposed by the Sunni parties and Shiite parties based predominantly in central Iraq. At the end of Dec., 2006, Saddam Hussein was hanged for crimes against humanity; the undignified circumstances surrounding his execution provoked outrage from many Sunnis in Iraq and dismay from the U.S. and other nations.
In Jan., 2007, two of Saddam;s close aides were hanged on the same charges. Also in January, U.S. President Bush announced that he would send an additional 20,000 troops to Iraq, the “surge,” which reached its plateau in June and also focused on Baquba and Diyala prov., appeared to have suppressed Sunni and Shiite death squads, but suicide bombings continued. Demonstrations in April by al-Sadr’s supporters called for U.S. forces to leave Iraq, and his party subsequently withdrew from the cabinet. Other parties, however, generally rejected setting a timetable for U.S. withdrawal.
In Aug., 2007, there was an outbreak of fighting between Shiite militias. Despite these events and other continuing violence, the overall level of violence appeared to be decreasing as the second half of 2007 progressed. Also in the second half of 2007, Turkey became increasingly confrontational in its calls for an end to the presence of Turkish Kurdish (PKK) rebel bases in N Iraq. The PKK forces, whose presence was, at a minimum, tolerated by Iraqi Kurds, had mounted increasing attacks in Turkey. Both the Iraqi and U.S. governments pressured Iraqi Kurds to close the bases; Turkey mounted raids and shelled N Iraq in October, and threatened to invade the region.

********
Kurdistan, extensive plateau and mountain region in SW Asia (74,000 sq mi/191,660 sq km), inhabited mainly by Kurds and including parts of E Turkey, N Syria, NE Iraq, S Armenia, and NW Iran. Ethnically and linguistically close to the Iranians, the Kurds, who number about 20 million, were traditionally nomadic herders but are now mostly seminomadic or sedentary. The majority are Sunni Muslims and speak Kurdish. The Kurds have traditionally resisted subjugation by other nations. Kurdistan was conquered by the Arabs and converted to Islam in the 7th cent. The region was held by the Seljuk Turks in the 11th cent., by the Mongols from the 13th to 15th cent., and then by the Ottoman Empire.

Since World War I the Kurds have struggled unsuccessfully in the various countries in which they live for self-determination and independence. In 1946 a short-lived, Soviet-backed Kurdish republic was formed in Iran. There were Kurdish uprisings in Iraq in the 1960s, 70s, and 80s. After the Persian Gulf War, Kurdish groups again rose against Iraq but were crushed, and perhaps 1.5 million fled to Turkey and Iran. Returning under UN protection, they established (1992) an autonomous region in N Iraq, but in 1994 fighting erupted among the rival Kurdish factions, and control of the area is divided between two rival groups.

Iraqi Kurds aided U.S.-British forces in 2003 in their war to oust Saddam Hussein from power. In Turkey, Kurdish guerrillas began fighting the government in the mid-1980s, and in 1992 Turkey mounted a concerted attack on the rebels. In 1995 Turkish forces invaded N Iraq in an attempt to destroy guerrilla bases and supplies. The head of the Kurdish guerrillas was arrested by Turkish officials in 1999 and sentenced to death for treason; in 2000 the guerrillas announced they would end their attacks. Some 23,000–30,000 people may have died in the 15-year war. There was fighting in the early 1990s between Turkish and Iraqi Kurds as well and Kurdish unrest in Syria in 2004, and Syria and Iran in 2005.
In 2007, Iran shelled Kurdish positions in Iraq in retaliation for Kurdish rebel operations in Iran.

********
Copyright (c) 2003 Columbia University Press.
Used by permission of Columbia University Press.

About....          General information, cities, towns, municipalities, places, flag, maps, useful Information....
Business          Economy, reports, statistics, banks, directories, jobs, investment, promotion....
Culture             General resources, heritage, art, literature, photography, cinema, music, song, dance, cultural, scientific, environmental, sporting entities & info....
Education         Schools, colleges, academies, universities, polytechnics, institutions, research, resources, projects....
History             Ancient & modern history, human rights, politics & political parties, related sites, articles....
Media              Newspapers, magazines, news, newsletters, news agencies, radio, TV, internet, articles, reports, cartoons....
Organizations   Government, ministries, overseas missions, embassies, corporations, organizations, industrial entities, centers, public hospitals, institutions,
                       societies, foreign entities....
Travel               Airlines, air, sea & coach charters services, travel, tours, guides, hotels, resorts, inns, hostels, health, travel tips, weather....
Gateways         Gateways, search engines and directories to country related sites and information....
Arab Countries Arab World: Middle East, North Africa, Arab and regional information. Resources to other Arab countries....
Links Page       For personal pages, private companies & entities, un-categorized and other sites. Add link or view

Hint: Use the "FIND" function in the Edit menu of your browser to search the page.

Most local links in other categories also include extensive or interesting country information.
All sites are in English or an English version is available except where indicated with flag(s) without "+".
The flag(s) means the site is available in the language of the flag(s). If more than 5 languages (other than Arabic or English) the UN flag is used, example
Other languages

means 5 languages other than English or Arabic
Arabic

means it is available in Arabic only and + Arabic

is available in Arabic and English

Iraq Directory + The complete guide to Iraq business

Investment & Promotion....

Iraq Investment and Reconstruction Task Force Assists companies pursuing reconstruction and other business opportunities in Iraq

Extensive database of more than 12,500 projects and tenders.
Updated on a daily basis with the latest business information in 14 countries in the Middle East

About Iraq * Business * Culture * History * Media * Organizations * Travel * Gateways * Arab Countries

Art, Culture & Sport
General Resources, Heritage....

Al-Mashriq - The Levant Cultural riches & gateway
Iraqi Art + Iraqi art and culture, artists, songs, music, poetry and song lyrics
Iraq Image + A resourceful cultural site: graphical and satellites images, Iraqi Food and Cuisine, history, music, news
Iraqi Cultural Heritage Information and links on broadening efforts to protect, recover, and restore Iraqi cultural property and antiquities
Mandaeans Religion, language, news & events, Q&A, articles & research, pictures, articles about Iraq....
The Mandaeans + Beliefs, history, culture, paintings....
Strokes of Genius Conveys so well the continuity of Iraqi art throughout the ages

Art, Literature, Photography, Cinema....

Adeeb Kamal Al-Deen Iraqi poet living in Australia - Essays, translations....
Adel Al-Hillawi Paintings
Ali Zayni Sculpture Gallery
Anwar Al-Ghassani + Poet. Anthology of Iraqi modern poetry, Contemporary Iraqi culture
Hassan Massoudy + + Calligrapher - gallery, exhibitions, books....
Jewad Selim Oil paintings and pencil drawings
Khaled Wahal Specialized in woodcut and etching techniques, qualified airbrush artist. Gallery
Moddafer Al- Nawab Poet - Arabic poems, Iraqi dialect....
Al-Mulla Aboud Al-Karkhi Poems

Al-Orfali Gallery of Baghdad By Widad Orfali and other painters
Iraqi Art Page Presents Iraqi art and culture on the web

Keystone-Mast Collection Views of Iraq - Vintage images
Nate Howard Pictures of Iraq and Iraqi People....
Saieb Khalil Pictures of Iraq

Arab Film Distribution - Iraq Features a wide range of narrative films, documentaries, visual essays and ethnographic films
Internet Movie Database Movie & TV reports

Music, Song & Dance....

Munir Bashir - King of Oud Decorations, articles, CD`s, photos, video
Iraqi Music + Music, lyrics, pictures, artists, chat, discussion, articles, music shop....
Kazem Al-Saher + Every thing about this famous Iraqi singer. Songs, videos, interviews....

Cultural, Scientific, Environmental, Sporting Entities & Info

Animal Info Threatened species, environmental and social data
AquaStat Information on quantity and quality of freshwater and its availability
BirdLife To determine the priorities for bird conservation in the region
BirdLifeInternational Threatened Species, IBAs, EBAs

About Iraq * Business * Culture * History * Media * Organizations * Travel * Gateways * Arab Countries

Education
Schools, Colleges, Academies, Universities & Polytechnics

British School of Archeology

Al-Mansour University College Unofficial site. The aim of this site is to bring former students and graduates into one place to stay in touch
University of Sulaimany + Official website

Institutions & Organizations

International Society of Iraqi Scientists includes Iraqi scientists in history

Research, Resources & Projects

About Iraq * Business * Culture * History * Media * Organizations * Travel * Gateways * Arab Countries

History, Human Right & Politics
Ancient & Modern....

ABC News - News Makers Saddam Hussein
Arabic Media Iraq History - The Cradle of Civilization
Baladi History, Iraqi flags since 1921, photos....
BBC Timeline A chronology of key events
Assyrian information medium exchange The Assyrian Nation's Information Resource
GlobalSecurity Iraq Military Guide
Iraq - The Land & the People +Here you will find pictures of Iraq through the 20th century. News, forums....
Political Geography Land and people, economy, history....
Saddam Hussein Years of tyrany and destruction....
Sahhaf What he said and what was said about him....
World Statesmen Flags, chronology, rulers, governors, ministers, commissioners....

Human Rights, Politics & Political Parties....

Amnesty International + News, reports, urgent action. Latest annual report....
Christian Peacemaker Teams CPT - an organization committed to reducing violence by "Getting in the Way" (USA)
Human Rights Watch + Iraq & Iraqi Kurdistan: Human rights developments & report
Indict Bringing Iraqi war criminals to justice
International Alliance for Justice + Iraq and Kurdistan
Iraqi Turkmen Human Rights Research Foundation + Reports, news and articles, important links
Physicians for Human Rights Promotes health by protecting human rights
TorturersNet Torture and War Crimes in Iraq, committee hearings on torture in Iraq, Abu Ghraib reports
UN High Commissioner for Human Rights + Special rapporteur on the situation of human rights in Iraq
US Department of State Country reports on human rights practices

Constitutional Monarchy Movement + A way out of Iraq’s political crisis
International Action Center Sanctions--The Silent Weapon
Iraq Action Coalition Information and analysis on the devastating effects of the continuing war (sanctions).
Iraqi Democratic Union Freedom for the Iraqi people, respect of human rights, and the lift of sanction from the Iraqi people.
Iraqi Democratic Union of America + To show solidarity with the Iraqi people's struggle for freedom, democracy....
Iraq Foundation Working for democracy and human rights in Iraq
Iraq Institute for Democracy A foundation that strives for reformation in a federal state of Iraq
Iraqi Forum for Democracy A free nation for all Iraqis
Iraq National Group + Supporting Democracy in Iraq, Articles, activities, resources....
Islamic Dawa Paty
Kurdistan Democratic Party Combines democratic values and social justice
Kurdistan National Assembly
Nonviolence.Org Tracking developments in the war’s aftermath and developing scandal
Organisation of Human Rights in Iraq Defends all Iraqis irrespective of their colour, religion, sect or origin
Patriotic Union of Kurdistan + Struggles for democracy, freedom and equality; struggles against dictatorship....

Related Sites, Articles....

Al-Bushra - Arab American Roman Catholic Community What do you know about Iraq? Plenty of interesting articles....
Al-Basrah.Net + Current information about events from an Iraqi point of view....
BBC - In Depth Conflict with Iraq - Analysis, stories, profiles, documents, links....
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace Advancing cooperation between nations
Center for Defense Information Independent research on the social, economic, environmental, political and military components of global security
Centre for Strategic and International Studies Recent analysis from CSIS experts on the prospect of war with Iraq
Constitution Background, history & news
Draft constitution for new Iraq + Prepared for the change that will take place sooner or later
Elections Results, parties, parliament, electoral institutes, electoral calendar, political database....
International Humanitarian Law Research Initiative Offers unique access to academic and policy-oriented research material
The International Institute for Strategic Studies Objective information on international strategic issues
Iraq Research and Documentation Project A resource on the government, politics, and civil society of modern Iraq
Iraq Watch Devoted to monitoring Iraq's progress in building weapons of mass destruction
The White House Special report - Operation Iraqi Freedom

About Iraq * Business * Culture * History * Media * Organizations * Travel * Gateways * Arab Countries
Visit Arab Media for satellite stations & Arab newspapers
Media
Newspapers, Magazines....

Al-Beit Al-Iraqi Bi-monthly magazine (NL)
Al-Iraq Al-Youm Quarterly political magazine
Al-Nabaa Daily newspaper
Al-Muntada Monthly (USA)
Al-Zaman Daily newspaper - Iraq issue (UK). Iraq & Basra issues
Maosuat Al-Nahrain Daily newspaper
Turkmen Al-Iraq Weekly cultural and political magazine (NL)

OnLine News, Newsletters, News Agencies....

Al-Mendhar + New Iraq Chronicles - News, economy, art & culture, education, science, social, directory of companies....
Baghdad.Com Articles and news from different sources, gateway....
BizTurkmeniz + (Turkic) News, articles, Turkmen culture, society, history....
Electronic Iraq News portal on the US-Iraq crisis, on the ground reports from veteran antiwar campaigners
Intelligent Report Iraq war, pros & cons in the debate, Abu Ghraib photos, video & exclusive prisoner sworn statements
Iraq 4 All News, articles, forums....
Iraq Chat Politics, sports, business, health, entertainment, educational....
Iraq Crisis Bulletin Provides daily worldwide news reporting on the Iraq Crisis
Iraq Daily Online news....
Iraq Net Online news and gateway
Iraq-Today Articles, business, events (need to subscribe)
Iraq Today News, press, commentaries, studies, articles, archaives, photos, forums....
Iraq Press + Independent press agency of political, economic, cultural and social affairs....
Iraqi Media Network - Southern Region + Politics, Local News, Economy....
Kurdish Media + Latest news & reports, interviews. Kurdish diary, art & culture, women....
Nahrain.Com News, research, studies, articles, gallery....
Noor Al-Iraq Most important news: social, political, scientific, artistic, economical and sport
Relief Web Iraq emergency updates
Washington Post War coverage, Saddam Hussein's rise, history of Iraq, videos, photos....
Yahoo full news coverage Iraq
Yahoo full news coverage Kurdish Issues

Radio, TV, Internet....

Al-Forat TV Satellite TV. Iraqi & international news, programs, archives....
Al-Iraqi.Com News, discussion forums, chat....
Iraq Chat Politics, sports, business, health, entertainment, educational, chat rooms....
Iraq2all Chat rooms, poems, music, clips, friendship, interviews, news....
Iraq4u + Music, videos, poetry, jokes, chat rooms, discussions, shopping, news, images....
Iraq4us Chat rooms, pictures, the Nation, kids, music, art works, Iraqi kitchen, wonders, news, games....
Iraqi Satellite TV Watch Iraqi TV
National Public Radio (NPR Politics, commentaries, news, articles (USA)
Radio Free Europe, Radio Liberty Radio Free Iraq, Iraq Report - A review of developments in Iraq
Radio Iraq Hurr Iraqi & international news, programs, archives....

Articles, Reports, Cartoons....

Channel 4000 Showdown In The Gulf
Guardian Unlimited Special report - Iraq....
International Information Programs + Iraq Update from US Department of State
John Pilger Online Archive on Iraq International human rights abuses, especially the UN’s sanctions against Iraq
Liberate Iraq Debate, Discuss, Explore
One World + Articles and news from different sources
One World Special reports - Iraq conflict

About Iraq * Business * Culture * History * Media * Organizations * Travel * Gateways * Arab Countries
Visit Arab Organizations for Pan-Arab, middle East, North Africa and regional organizations
Government & Organizations....
Government, Ministries, Overseas Missions, Embassies....

Chiefs of State and Cabinet Members
Political Leaders Dates and figures of the leadership since 1939 (with pictures)
UrukLink + Links to Ministries hosted at their server

Coalition Provisional Authority + Press room, updates, documents, pillars, articles....

Permanent Delegation of Iraq to UNESCO Delegation, photos, reports, statements, history, links....

Corporations, Organizations, Public Hospitals and Industrial Entities

Centers, Institutions, Societies....

Child Aid International A charity that helps sponsor orphaned children in Iraq in order to provide them with basic essentials like food, clothing, education and healthcare

Foreign Entities

US Embassey,Baghdad Offices and departments, latest Embassy news, programs and events

American Friends Service Committee Iraq Aftermath: The human face of war
CDC Tobacco & health, socio-economic situation
Doctors Without Borders/Médecins Sans Frontières Activities, news, press releases....
Humanitarian Information Center for Iraq A central location for data and information resources
International Committee of the Red Cross + Iraq: the humanitarian response
International Rescue Committee Implementing emergency programs to aid Iraqi communities most in need
OXFAM A fair world in which people control their own lives and their basic rights are achieved....
UNICEF + Working now to help meet the needs of Iraq’s children
United Nations United Nations Development Programme
UN Joint Logistics Centre Co-ordinate the logistics capabilities of co-operating humanitarian agencies during the crisis
USAID + Provide humanitarian and reconstruction assistance to the people of Iraq
US Committee for Refugees Reports on conditions for refugees and internally displaced persons
Voices in the Wilderness Nonviolently challenge the economic warfare being waged by the US against the people of Iraq
World Food Programme Fight against global hunger....
World Health Organization (WHO) + Health expenditure, coverage, organization and regulations, resources, statistics....
World Vision A Christian humanitarian organization serving the world's poorest children and families....

About Iraq * Business * Culture * History * Media * Organizations * Travel * Gateways * Arab Countries

Travel & Tourism
Airlines, Air, Sea & Coach Charters Services

Travel, Tours, Guides.... More country info

Lonely Planet Travel information
Middle East Travel Accommodation, history, after hours, travel info, addresses, cities & sights, business....
Travel Puppy Iraq travel information & guide
World Travel Guide Accommodation, addresses, business, climate, essentials, resort, social, travel, money, duty free, health, visas....

Hotels, Resorts, Inns, Hostels....

All Hotels Hotels, description & rates
Inn26 Hotels and motels directory, local info....

Health & Travel Tips

Foreign & Commonwealth Office Travel information, country advise, latest travel updates....
Travel Document Systems Passports, visas, travel documents
US Consular Information Visa, health, crime/drug penalties....

Weather....

Tide Calendar Tide times, sunset, sunrise and global position
Weather Underground Temperature, humidity, pressure and conditions by city
Yahoo Weather By city. Forcast, sunrise, sunset, humidity, wind, dewpoint....

About Iraq * Business * Culture * History * Media * Organizations * Travel * Gateways * Arab Countries
Visit Arab Gateways for Arab and other country links
Gateways to Iraq

About Iraq * Business * Culture * Education * History * Media * Organizations * Travel * Gateways * Arab Countries

For personal pages, private companies & entities, un-categorized and other sites, please visit
Add URL or View Iraq Links Page

Recommended reading:

Inventing Iraq
The Failure of Nation-Building and a History Denied
By Toby Dodge
Fine explanation of why occupations fail

For more books, music, videos, DVDs, CDs and others visit:

Search:
Keywords:

Please link to this page.
http://www.hejleh.com/countries/iraq.html

For comments, reports of deadlinks and adding your URL

Created 1 November 2000. Last updated 20 February 2009
Names, pictures and logos are the copyright of their respective owners.
(C)Copyright 1998-2009 Mazen Hejleh, Perth, Western Australia. All rights reserved.

About Iraq

Business and Economy

Art, Culture & Sport

Education

History, Human Right & Politics

Media

Government & Organizations....

Travel & Tourism

Gateways to Iraq