![Algeria - Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria.
Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Shabiyah - [Al Jaza'ir]](dzf.gif)
The Country & People of Algeria
Special Arab Files
This page contains links to sites in Algeria and Algeria related sites.
For Middle East, North Africa, Arab and regional information visit Arab Countries
The Country & People of Algeria
Special Arab Files
This page contains links to sites in Algeria and Algeria related sites.
For Middle East, North Africa, Arab and regional information visit Arab Countries
History
The earliest known inhabitants of the region that is now Algeria were Berber-speaking nomads who were settled there by the 2d millennium BC As Numidia, it became (9th cent. BC) a province of Carthage and then (106 BC) of Rome; during the Christian era, St. was bishop at Hippo (now Annaba). With Rome's decline in the 5th cent. AD, Algeria was conquered by the Vandals (430–31), the Byzantine Empire (6th cent.), and finally, in the late 7th and early 8th cent., by the Arabs, whose introduction of Islam profoundly altered the character of the area.
Spain captured the coastal cities in the 15th cent. but was expelled (mid-16th cent.) with the help of the Ottoman Turks, who assumed control. During this period the Algerian coast was a stronghold of pirates and a center of the slave trade. France invaded Algeria in 1830 and declared it a colony in 1848. Europeans began to arrive in large numbers, dominating the government and the economy, and leaving the native Muslim population with scant political or economic power.
A nationalist movement began to develop after World War I, and a war for independence, led by the National Liberation Front (FLN), broke out in 1954. After more than seven years of bitter fighting, in which at least 100,000 Muslim and 10,000 French soldiers were killed, Algeria became independent on July 3, 1962.
Since independence, Algeria has been a prominent nonaligned state and a champion of the movements against white minority rule in Africa. It also has supported the protracted struggle of the Polisario Front for the independence of Western Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara) from Morocco. Ahmed Ben Bella, prime minister and then president of Algeria after independence, was deposed by Houari Boumedienne in 1965. After Boumedienne's death (1978), Chadli Benjedid succeeded (1979) him as president. Riots in 1988 led Pres. Benjedid to reduce the role of the state economically and of the FLN politically.
After Islamic fundamentalists won 42% of the seats in the first round of parliamentary elections in Dec. 1991, the army forced Benjedid to resign (1992) and canceled the election. A civilian-led state council was installed, but real power resided with the army. The fundamentalist party was banned and its leaders arrested. Fundamentalists launched a guerrilla insurrection, and Algeria was torn by violence from both sides.
In 1994 Gen. Liamine Zeroual, the defense minister, was appointed president, replacing the state council; he won a presidential election the following year. Zeroual resigned early in 1999 and presidential elections held in Apr., 1999, were won by Abdelaziz Bouteflika, the candidate of the military oligarchy; the opposition candidates had withdrawn before the vote. One of the main guerrilla groups renounced its struggle against the government in June 1999; however, other groups continued to wage war. By mid-1999, 100,000 people had been killed in the violence and repression that began in 1992.
Under an amnesty approved in Sept. 1999, 80% of the Islamic guerrillas surrendered to the government by the mid-Jan. 2000 deadline, and the violence has since greatly diminished. The easing of the fighting has brought such issues as government corruption and widespread poverty and unemployment (estimated at 30%) to the fore.
In addition, in 2001 there were large demonstrations and clashes with police by Berbers, who remained deeply unhappy about Arabic’s status as the sole national language, a policy that was reversed the following year. Berber protests also sparked demonstrations against the country’s stagnant economy by non-Berber Algerians. Parliamentary elections in May, 2002, were boycotted by a number of major opposition parties and many voters, and the FLN won more than half the seats.
French president Jacques Chirac made a state visit to Algeria in Mar., 2003; it was the first such visit since Algerian independence. Two months later a strong earthquake devastated many towns east of the capital, killing more than 2,200 people. The ineffective official response to the disaster led to public outrage and widespread criticism of the government. Late in 2003, tensions between the president and Ali Benflis, the FLN party leader and a former prime minister, led to a split in the government and within the party.
Bouteflika was returned to office in Apr., 2004, in an election that observers called Algeria’s fairest to date, but the vote for Bouteflika (83%) led Benflis, his main opponent, to accuse the government of massive fraud.
In 2005 the government reached an agreement with Berber leaders that promised economic aid and greater recognition of the Berber language and culture, but many of the details were not finalized. Voters approved a government national reconciliation plan that would provide amnesty for many Islamic insurgents and government security forces and compensate the families of persons killed in the insurgency. The plan, which was criticized by human-rights groups for absolving government forces of their involvement in extrajudicial killings, came into effect in 2006. At the same time, Algeria’s remaining Islamic fundamentalist guerrillas, while largely confined to more remote mountain and desert regions, have continued to mount attacks against the government and have sought to expand their influence through training non-Algerian Islamists and recruiting fighters for non-Algerian conflicts from among Muslims in Europe and elsewhere outside Algeria. The main fundamentalist guerrilla group also officially aligned itself with Al Qaeda.
In Dec., 2007, mounted bombings against government and UN buildings in Algiers. Bombings, some of them significant, and other attacks continued into 2009.
The May, 2007, parliamentary elections were won by the FLN-led governing coalition, whose three parties secured nearly two thirds of the seats. Turnout was light, however, with a little more than a third of the voters going to the polls, and some parties boycotted or were banned from the campaign.
In Nov., 2008, parliament ended presidential term limits, enabling Bouteflika to run for a third term in 2009.
In Apr., 2009, the president was reelected with 90% of the vote; although the election was boycotted by some opposition parties, the goverment said there was a 74% turnout.
About....
General information, cities, towns, municipalities, places, flag, maps, useful Information....
Business
Economy, reports, statistics, banks, directories, jobs, investment, promotion....
Culture
General resources, heritage, art, literature, photography, cinema, music, song, dance, cultural, scientific,
environmental, sporting entities & info....
Education
Schools, colleges, academies, universities, polytechnics, institutions, research, resources, projects....
History
Ancient & modern history, human rights, politics & political parties, related sites, articles....
Media
Newspapers, magazines, news, newsletters, news agencies, radio, TV, internet, articles, reports, cartoons....
Organizations
Government, ministries, overseas missions, embassies, corporations, organizations, industrial entities, centers,
public hospitals, institutions, societies, foreign entities....
Travel
Airlines, air, sea & coach charters services, travel, tours, guides, hotels, resorts, inns, hostels, health,
travel tips, weather....
Gateways
Gateways, search engines and directories to country related sites and information....
Arab Countries
Arab World: Middle East, North Africa, Arab and regional information. Resources to other Arab countries....
Links Page
For personal pages, private companies & entities, un-categorized and other sites. Add link or view
means 5 languages other than English or Arabic
means it is available in Arabic only and + is available in Arabic and English
Mon beau pays perdu!
History, country, population....
Cities, Towns, Municipalities & Places
The Ksar, photos, Other Algerian towns....
Ou cirta est une ville digne d'être classee parmi les merveilles du monde
Vous trouverez ici l'histoire du Village et de ses Habitants
Architecture, Institutions, Mozabite women, photos....
L'antique Theveste, importante ville romaine
Kasbah of Algiers - A tight network of narrow and tortuous streets and lanes
MZab Valley - Each of the villages is laid out in a series of concentric circles extending from the mosque to the ramparts
Flag, Maps, Emblems and other information....
Advise on conventions and trade agreements linking Algeria to foreign countrie
Market watch, currency, tenders, economic news....
Overview, news & events, data & statistics, publications & reports, development topics, projects & programs, Public Information Center
Banks
General mission to contribute to the development of the economic activity in Algeria
Offers various customized banking services to professional clients
Investment Banking
Directories, Job Opportunities
Investment & Promotion....
Enterprise, history, photos....
The first capital corporation investment in Algeria
La reference de la gastronomie algerienne
Art, Literature, Photography, Cinema....
Journalist, scholar, author and poet
Paintings by Layachi Hamidouche
Mosques, minarets, ramparts and towers
Theatre
A beautiful collection of pictures of the cities and the villages of Algeria
Sea, complex, sahara, mountains
Music, Song & Dance....
Cultural, Scientific, Environmental, Sporting Entities & Info
Establishing and managing networks of observation and measurement of pollution and monitoring , natural environments
Water-management initiatives
History, administration, meetings, events, results, photographs....
Football - Oran
This is your chance to take a week of your life
Rouiba
Tlemcen
Annaba Graduation in various fields of water sciences and techniques
Liabes
Four Technological faculties including 23 departments
Constantine
Train students for an islamic/ scientific education
National center distance education of professions
Institutions & Organizations
Research, Resources & Projects
A Universal, luni-solar, semi-centennial calendar model with the week of six days!
Le site President de la Republique
Un lieu de publication de documents historiques, d'archives, et de temoignages sur l'Algerie
Human Rights, Politics & Political Parties....
News, reports, urgent action. Latest annual report....
Human rights developments & report
Dealing with social & cultural problems
Le combat contre l'integrisme et son aile armee le terrorisme
Parti politique, biographie du Dr Said Sadi
Related Sites, Articles....
Weekly sport newspaper
Daily newspaper
La revolution par le peuple et pour le peuple
Daily newspaper
Le qoutidien independant
Qoutidien National D'information
Le premier magazine en ligne du peuple kabyle
L'autre regard sur l'info....
Edition nationale d'information
Qoutidien independant
Le droit de savoir, le devoir d'informer
OnLine News, Newsletters, News agencies....
Agence Algerienne d'Information (AAI) + Agence de presse privee specialisee en information economiques et sociales
Presse Algerienne....
News, focus, profiles, archives, politics, business....
News, week in review, business, magazine....
Algerian Medical News, health and medicine
Online news, economy, sport, culture, family....
Radio, TV, Internet....
Live TV....
Articles, Reports, Cartoons....
In charge of public purses, community territorial and publicly-owned establishments
To evaluate and study all questions relating to the economic and social development....
La Poste
Aiming at the reduction of the social fracture and a right distribution of the wealth
Statistical tables in social and economical topics
Roles and functions, history, constitution
Official portal of the Ministry of Health, Population and Hospital Reformation
Algeria, economy, institutions, consular affairs, media, relations....
The information provided will help you get better acquainted with Algeria
Algeria info, its foreign policy and its activities....
Corporations, Organizations, Industrial Entities and Public Hospitals
Energy from Synergy
An indispensable platform for any economic exchange
The Industrialized Steel Structure Constructions Company
ENOR - Algerian Jointed Stock Company
Storage capacity and adaptable to diverse customer needs
Telecommunication products and services
Centers, Institutions, Societies....
Une institution administrative autonome....
To study better the problems of aridity and desertification....
Association des Sciences et d'Astronomie
Foreign Entities
Embassy of Russia, Algiers
Le Programme des Nations Unies pour le developpement
Schedules, reservation, tarif....
Schedules, agencies, reservation, FAQ....
Travel, Tours, Guides.... More country info
Adventures in the desert
Saint Augustine, Numedia & Roman tours, Sahara, Oasis, Kabylie and World Heritage tours
Hotels, Resorts, Inns, Hostels....
5 minutes from the International Airport "Houari Boumediene"
Located on a peninsula, in the district of Staoueli, Algiers
Weather....
Info, gateway & media....
Algerian related sites
Gateway....
Gateway....
Gateway, search, chat, services....
Directory and Guides
Recommended reading:
For "Learning Arabic" books and CDs, visit Writing & Pronouncing of Arabic names
Inside Algeria
By Michael von Graffenried (Photographer), Mary-Jane Deeb (Introduction)
A dramatic and original view of daily life in a society wracked by civil war
For more books, music, videos, DVDs, CDs and others visit:
For comments, reports of deadlinks and adding your URL
